📜 词汇库

历史上由某一政权统治的时期。

dynasty · A dynasty or ruling period.

研究历史所依据的文献、实物或口述材料。

historical material · Historical sources or materials.

通过遗迹和文物研究古代社会的学科方法。

archaeology · Archaeology based on remains and artifacts.

事物随时间发生的变化过程。

change · Historical or social change over time.

在特定时间和背景中发生的事情。

event · An event in a specific context.

历史、文学或社会材料中的人及其作用。

figure · A person or character in historical or textual materials.

历史时间的划分或某一时期。

period · A historical period or era.

长期传承下来的观念、习俗或制度。

tradition · A tradition passed down over time.

人类社会发展形成的物质和精神成果。

civilization · Civilization and its material/spiritual achievements.

不同个体、群体或文化之间的信息和影响往来。

exchange · Exchange between people, groups, or cultures.

研究制度形成、变化和影响的历史领域。

institutional history · Institutional history.

指围绕“史料”（研究历史所依据的文献、实物或口述材料。）进行的分解材料并说明要素之间的关系。在历史学材料中，重点是把核心概念放回句子和段落中理解。

historical material analysis · Refers to analysis of parts and relations related to historical sources or materials; in history reading, it should be understood through context and academic use.

指围绕“史料”（研究历史所依据的文献、实物或口述材料。）进行的找出相同点和不同点。在历史学材料中，重点是把核心概念放回句子和段落中理解。

historical material comparison · Refers to comparison of similarities and differences related to historical sources or materials; in history reading, it should be understood through context and academic use.

指围绕“史料”（研究历史所依据的文献、实物或口述材料。）进行的理解事件或材料所需的环境和条件。在历史学材料中，重点是把核心概念放回句子和段落中理解。

historical material background · Refers to background context related to historical sources or materials; in history reading, it should be understood through context and academic use.

指与“史料”（研究历史所依据的文献、实物或口述材料。）直接相关的历史学表达，学习时要关注它在句子中的功能和搭配。

historical material influence · A history expression related to historical sources or materials, focusing on sentence function and collocation.

指与“史料”（研究历史所依据的文献、实物或口述材料。）直接相关的历史学表达，学习时要关注它在句子中的功能和搭配。

historical material explanation · A history expression related to historical sources or materials, focusing on sentence function and collocation.

指围绕“朝代”（历史上由某一政权统治的时期。）进行的分解材料并说明要素之间的关系。在历史学材料中，重点是把核心概念放回句子和段落中理解。

dynasty analysis · Refers to analysis of parts and relations related to a dynasty or ruling period; in history reading, it should be understood through context and academic use.

指围绕“朝代”（历史上由某一政权统治的时期。）进行的找出相同点和不同点。在历史学材料中，重点是把核心概念放回句子和段落中理解。

dynasty comparison · Refers to comparison of similarities and differences related to a dynasty or ruling period; in history reading, it should be understood through context and academic use.

指围绕“朝代”（历史上由某一政权统治的时期。）进行的理解事件或材料所需的环境和条件。在历史学材料中，重点是把核心概念放回句子和段落中理解。

dynasty background · Refers to background context related to a dynasty or ruling period; in history reading, it should be understood through context and academic use.

指与“朝代”（历史上由某一政权统治的时期。）直接相关的历史学表达，学习时要关注它在句子中的功能和搭配。

dynasty influence · A history expression related to a dynasty or ruling period, focusing on sentence function and collocation.

指与“朝代”（历史上由某一政权统治的时期。）直接相关的历史学表达，学习时要关注它在句子中的功能和搭配。

dynasty explanation · A history expression related to a dynasty or ruling period, focusing on sentence function and collocation.

指围绕“文明”（人类社会发展形成的物质和精神成果。）进行的分解材料并说明要素之间的关系。在历史学材料中，重点是把核心概念放回句子和段落中理解。

civilization analysis · Refers to analysis of parts and relations related to civilization and its material/spiritual achievements; in history reading, it should be understood through context and academic use.

指围绕“文明”（人类社会发展形成的物质和精神成果。）进行的找出相同点和不同点。在历史学材料中，重点是把核心概念放回句子和段落中理解。

civilization comparison · Refers to comparison of similarities and differences related to civilization and its material/spiritual achievements; in history reading, it should be understood through context and academic use.

指围绕“文明”（人类社会发展形成的物质和精神成果。）进行的理解事件或材料所需的环境和条件。在历史学材料中，重点是把核心概念放回句子和段落中理解。

civilization background · Refers to background context related to civilization and its material/spiritual achievements; in history reading, it should be understood through context and academic use.

指与“文明”（人类社会发展形成的物质和精神成果。）直接相关的历史学表达，学习时要关注它在句子中的功能和搭配。

civilization influence · A history expression related to civilization and its material/spiritual achievements, focusing on sentence function and collocation.

指与“文明”（人类社会发展形成的物质和精神成果。）直接相关的历史学表达，学习时要关注它在句子中的功能和搭配。

civilization explanation · A history expression related to civilization and its material/spiritual achievements, focusing on sentence function and collocation.

指围绕“传统”（长期传承下来的观念、习俗或制度。）进行的分解材料并说明要素之间的关系。在历史学材料中，重点是把核心概念放回句子和段落中理解。

tradition analysis · Refers to analysis of parts and relations related to a tradition passed down over time; in history reading, it should be understood through context and academic use.

指围绕“传统”（长期传承下来的观念、习俗或制度。）进行的找出相同点和不同点。在历史学材料中，重点是把核心概念放回句子和段落中理解。

tradition comparison · Refers to comparison of similarities and differences related to a tradition passed down over time; in history reading, it should be understood through context and academic use.

指围绕“传统”（长期传承下来的观念、习俗或制度。）进行的理解事件或材料所需的环境和条件。在历史学材料中，重点是把核心概念放回句子和段落中理解。

tradition background · Refers to background context related to a tradition passed down over time; in history reading, it should be understood through context and academic use.

指与“传统”（长期传承下来的观念、习俗或制度。）直接相关的历史学表达，学习时要关注它在句子中的功能和搭配。

tradition influence · A history expression related to a tradition passed down over time, focusing on sentence function and collocation.

指与“传统”（长期传承下来的观念、习俗或制度。）直接相关的历史学表达，学习时要关注它在句子中的功能和搭配。

tradition explanation · A history expression related to a tradition passed down over time, focusing on sentence function and collocation.

指围绕“事件”（在特定时间和背景中发生的事情。）进行的分解材料并说明要素之间的关系。在历史学材料中，重点是把核心概念放回句子和段落中理解。

event analysis · Refers to analysis of parts and relations related to an event in a specific context; in history reading, it should be understood through context and academic use.

指围绕“事件”（在特定时间和背景中发生的事情。）进行的找出相同点和不同点。在历史学材料中，重点是把核心概念放回句子和段落中理解。

event comparison · Refers to comparison of similarities and differences related to an event in a specific context; in history reading, it should be understood through context and academic use.

指围绕“事件”（在特定时间和背景中发生的事情。）进行的理解事件或材料所需的环境和条件。在历史学材料中，重点是把核心概念放回句子和段落中理解。

event background · Refers to background context related to an event in a specific context; in history reading, it should be understood through context and academic use.

指与“事件”（在特定时间和背景中发生的事情。）直接相关的历史学表达，学习时要关注它在句子中的功能和搭配。

event influence · A history expression related to an event in a specific context, focusing on sentence function and collocation.

指与“事件”（在特定时间和背景中发生的事情。）直接相关的历史学表达，学习时要关注它在句子中的功能和搭配。

event explanation · A history expression related to an event in a specific context, focusing on sentence function and collocation.

哲学中关于事物存在本身的概念。

ontology · Ontology-related concept of being itself.

主体对客观事物的理解和把握。

cognition · Cognition or understanding of objects.

事物对人或社会所具有的意义和作用。

value · Value or significance for people or society.

关于行为善恶、责任和规范的原则。

ethics · Ethical principles about right conduct.

从联系、发展和矛盾中分析问题的方法。

dialectics · Dialectical method of analyzing relations and contradictions.

事物内部或事物之间相互对立又相互联系的关系。

contradiction · A contradiction involving opposition and connection.

人有目的地改造世界或检验认识的活动。

practice · Purposeful activity that tests or changes reality.

人对客观世界和自身状态的反映。

consciousness · Consciousness or awareness.

事物实际具有或呈现的状态。

being · Being or existence.

关于研究和解决问题方法的理论。

methodology · The theory of methods for inquiry and problem-solving.

依据理由、证据和逻辑进行判断的能力。

rationality · Rationality based on reasons and logic.

指哲学学习中需要进行的需要讨论、解释或解决的对象。它通常用于题干、材料分析或课堂讨论。

philosophy issue · A philosophy term involving an issue or problem to examine, often used in prompts, text analysis, or classroom discussion.

指哲学学习中需要进行的达到目标或展开分析的方法和路线。它通常用于题干、材料分析或课堂讨论。

philosophy path · A philosophy term involving a path or approach, often used in prompts, text analysis, or classroom discussion.

指哲学学习中需要进行的观察和分析问题的角度。它通常用于题干、材料分析或课堂讨论。

philosophy perspective · A philosophy term involving a perspective or angle of analysis, often used in prompts, text analysis, or classroom discussion.

指哲学学习中需要进行的用理由和证据支持观点的过程。它通常用于题干、材料分析或课堂讨论。

philosophy argumentation · A philosophy term involving argumentation using reasons and evidence, often used in prompts, text analysis, or classroom discussion.

指哲学学习中需要进行的分解材料并说明要素之间的关系。它通常用于题干、材料分析或课堂讨论。

philosophy analysis · A philosophy term involving analysis of parts and relations, often used in prompts, text analysis, or classroom discussion.

指围绕“理性”（依据理由、证据和逻辑进行判断的能力。）进行的需要讨论、解释或解决的对象。在哲学材料中，重点是把核心概念放回句子和段落中理解。

rationality issue · Refers to an issue or problem to examine related to rationality based on reasons and logic; in philosophy reading, it should be understood through context and academic use.

指围绕“理性”（依据理由、证据和逻辑进行判断的能力。）进行的达到目标或展开分析的方法和路线。在哲学材料中，重点是把核心概念放回句子和段落中理解。

rationality path · Refers to a path or approach related to rationality based on reasons and logic; in philosophy reading, it should be understood through context and academic use.

指围绕“理性”（依据理由、证据和逻辑进行判断的能力。）进行的观察和分析问题的角度。在哲学材料中，重点是把核心概念放回句子和段落中理解。

rationality perspective · Refers to a perspective or angle of analysis related to rationality based on reasons and logic; in philosophy reading, it should be understood through context and academic use.

指围绕“理性”（依据理由、证据和逻辑进行判断的能力。）进行的用理由和证据支持观点的过程。在哲学材料中，重点是把核心概念放回句子和段落中理解。

rationality argumentation · Refers to argumentation using reasons and evidence related to rationality based on reasons and logic; in philosophy reading, it should be understood through context and academic use.

指围绕“理性”（依据理由、证据和逻辑进行判断的能力。）进行的分解材料并说明要素之间的关系。在哲学材料中，重点是把核心概念放回句子和段落中理解。

rationality analysis · Refers to analysis of parts and relations related to rationality based on reasons and logic; in philosophy reading, it should be understood through context and academic use.

指围绕“经验”（通过观察、实践或经历获得的认识。）进行的需要讨论、解释或解决的对象。在哲学材料中，重点是把核心概念放回句子和段落中理解。

experience issue · Refers to an issue or problem to examine related to knowledge gained through observation or practice; in philosophy reading, it should be understood through context and academic use.

指围绕“经验”（通过观察、实践或经历获得的认识。）进行的达到目标或展开分析的方法和路线。在哲学材料中，重点是把核心概念放回句子和段落中理解。

experience path · Refers to a path or approach related to knowledge gained through observation or practice; in philosophy reading, it should be understood through context and academic use.

指围绕“经验”（通过观察、实践或经历获得的认识。）进行的观察和分析问题的角度。在哲学材料中，重点是把核心概念放回句子和段落中理解。

experience perspective · Refers to a perspective or angle of analysis related to knowledge gained through observation or practice; in philosophy reading, it should be understood through context and academic use.

指围绕“经验”（通过观察、实践或经历获得的认识。）进行的用理由和证据支持观点的过程。在哲学材料中，重点是把核心概念放回句子和段落中理解。

experience argumentation · Refers to argumentation using reasons and evidence related to knowledge gained through observation or practice; in philosophy reading, it should be understood through context and academic use.

指围绕“经验”（通过观察、实践或经历获得的认识。）进行的分解材料并说明要素之间的关系。在哲学材料中，重点是把核心概念放回句子和段落中理解。

experience analysis · Refers to analysis of parts and relations related to knowledge gained through observation or practice; in philosophy reading, it should be understood through context and academic use.

指围绕“主体”（认识、行动或承担责任的一方。）进行的需要讨论、解释或解决的对象。在哲学材料中，重点是把核心概念放回句子和段落中理解。

subject issue · Refers to an issue or problem to examine related to the acting or knowing subject; in philosophy reading, it should be understood through context and academic use.

指围绕“主体”（认识、行动或承担责任的一方。）进行的达到目标或展开分析的方法和路线。在哲学材料中，重点是把核心概念放回句子和段落中理解。

subject path · Refers to a path or approach related to the acting or knowing subject; in philosophy reading, it should be understood through context and academic use.

指围绕“主体”（认识、行动或承担责任的一方。）进行的观察和分析问题的角度。在哲学材料中，重点是把核心概念放回句子和段落中理解。

subject perspective · Refers to a perspective or angle of analysis related to the acting or knowing subject; in philosophy reading, it should be understood through context and academic use.

指围绕“主体”（认识、行动或承担责任的一方。）进行的用理由和证据支持观点的过程。在哲学材料中，重点是把核心概念放回句子和段落中理解。

subject argumentation · Refers to argumentation using reasons and evidence related to the acting or knowing subject; in philosophy reading, it should be understood through context and academic use.

指围绕“主体”（认识、行动或承担责任的一方。）进行的分解材料并说明要素之间的关系。在哲学材料中，重点是把核心概念放回句子和段落中理解。

subject analysis · Refers to analysis of parts and relations related to the acting or knowing subject; in philosophy reading, it should be understood through context and academic use.

指围绕“客体”（被认识、研究或作用的对象。）进行的需要讨论、解释或解决的对象。在哲学材料中，重点是把核心概念放回句子和段落中理解。

object issue · Refers to an issue or problem to examine related to the object being known, studied, or acted upon; in philosophy reading, it should be understood through context and academic use.

指围绕“客体”（被认识、研究或作用的对象。）进行的达到目标或展开分析的方法和路线。在哲学材料中，重点是把核心概念放回句子和段落中理解。

object path · Refers to a path or approach related to the object being known, studied, or acted upon; in philosophy reading, it should be understood through context and academic use.

指围绕“客体”（被认识、研究或作用的对象。）进行的观察和分析问题的角度。在哲学材料中，重点是把核心概念放回句子和段落中理解。

object perspective · Refers to a perspective or angle of analysis related to the object being known, studied, or acted upon; in philosophy reading, it should be understood through context and academic use.

指围绕“客体”（被认识、研究或作用的对象。）进行的用理由和证据支持观点的过程。在哲学材料中，重点是把核心概念放回句子和段落中理解。

object argumentation · Refers to argumentation using reasons and evidence related to the object being known, studied, or acted upon; in philosophy reading, it should be understood through context and academic use.

指围绕“价值”（事物对人或社会所具有的意义和作用。）进行的依据条件、证据或语境作出合理结论。在哲学材料中，重点是把核心概念放回句子和段落中理解。

value judgment · Refers to judgment based on conditions, evidence, or context related to value or significance for people or society; in philosophy reading, it should be understood through context and academic use.

指围绕“价值”（事物对人或社会所具有的意义和作用。）进行的两个或多个对象之间的联系、对应或影响。在哲学材料中，重点是把核心概念放回句子和段落中理解。

value relation · Refers to a relation or connection between things related to value or significance for people or society; in philosophy reading, it should be understood through context and academic use.

指围绕“价值”（事物对人或社会所具有的意义和作用。）进行的分解材料并说明要素之间的关系。在哲学材料中，重点是把核心概念放回句子和段落中理解。

value analysis · Refers to analysis of parts and relations related to value or significance for people or society; in philosophy reading, it should be understood through context and academic use.

指围绕“价值”（事物对人或社会所具有的意义和作用。）进行的看待和处理问题时所持的基本态度。在哲学材料中，重点是把核心概念放回句子和段落中理解。

value standpoint · Refers to a standpoint or position related to value or significance for people or society; in philosophy reading, it should be understood through context and academic use.

指围绕“价值”（事物对人或社会所具有的意义和作用。）进行的解决问题或开展研究的方式。在哲学材料中，重点是把核心概念放回句子和段落中理解。

value method · Refers to a method or approach related to value or significance for people or society; in philosophy reading, it should be understood through context and academic use.

指围绕“伦理”（关于行为善恶、责任和规范的原则。）进行的依据条件、证据或语境作出合理结论。在哲学材料中，重点是把核心概念放回句子和段落中理解。

ethics judgment · Refers to judgment based on conditions, evidence, or context related to ethical principles about right conduct; in philosophy reading, it should be understood through context and academic use.

指围绕“伦理”（关于行为善恶、责任和规范的原则。）进行的两个或多个对象之间的联系、对应或影响。在哲学材料中，重点是把核心概念放回句子和段落中理解。

ethics relation · Refers to a relation or connection between things related to ethical principles about right conduct; in philosophy reading, it should be understood through context and academic use.

指围绕“伦理”（关于行为善恶、责任和规范的原则。）进行的分解材料并说明要素之间的关系。在哲学材料中，重点是把核心概念放回句子和段落中理解。

ethics analysis · Refers to analysis of parts and relations related to ethical principles about right conduct; in philosophy reading, it should be understood through context and academic use.

指围绕“伦理”（关于行为善恶、责任和规范的原则。）进行的看待和处理问题时所持的基本态度。在哲学材料中，重点是把核心概念放回句子和段落中理解。

ethics standpoint · Refers to a standpoint or position related to ethical principles about right conduct; in philosophy reading, it should be understood through context and academic use.

指围绕“伦理”（关于行为善恶、责任和规范的原则。）进行的解决问题或开展研究的方式。在哲学材料中，重点是把核心概念放回句子和段落中理解。

ethics method · Refers to a method or approach related to ethical principles about right conduct; in philosophy reading, it should be understood through context and academic use.

指围绕“实践”（人有目的地改造世界或检验认识的活动。）进行的依据条件、证据或语境作出合理结论。在哲学材料中，重点是把核心概念放回句子和段落中理解。

practice judgment · Refers to judgment based on conditions, evidence, or context related to purposeful activity that tests or changes reality; in philosophy reading, it should be understood through context and academic use.

指围绕“实践”（人有目的地改造世界或检验认识的活动。）进行的两个或多个对象之间的联系、对应或影响。在哲学材料中，重点是把核心概念放回句子和段落中理解。

practice relation · Refers to a relation or connection between things related to purposeful activity that tests or changes reality; in philosophy reading, it should be understood through context and academic use.

指围绕“实践”（人有目的地改造世界或检验认识的活动。）进行的分解材料并说明要素之间的关系。在哲学材料中，重点是把核心概念放回句子和段落中理解。

practice analysis · Refers to analysis of parts and relations related to purposeful activity that tests or changes reality; in philosophy reading, it should be understood through context and academic use.

指围绕“实践”（人有目的地改造世界或检验认识的活动。）进行的看待和处理问题时所持的基本态度。在哲学材料中，重点是把核心概念放回句子和段落中理解。

practice standpoint · Refers to a standpoint or position related to purposeful activity that tests or changes reality; in philosophy reading, it should be understood through context and academic use.

指围绕“实践”（人有目的地改造世界或检验认识的活动。）进行的解决问题或开展研究的方式。在哲学材料中，重点是把核心概念放回句子和段落中理解。

practice method · Refers to a method or approach related to purposeful activity that tests or changes reality; in philosophy reading, it should be understood through context and academic use.

指围绕“意识”（人对客观世界和自身状态的反映。）进行的依据条件、证据或语境作出合理结论。在哲学材料中，重点是把核心概念放回句子和段落中理解。

consciousness judgment · Refers to judgment based on conditions, evidence, or context related to consciousness or awareness; in philosophy reading, it should be understood through context and academic use.

指围绕“意识”（人对客观世界和自身状态的反映。）进行的两个或多个对象之间的联系、对应或影响。在哲学材料中，重点是把核心概念放回句子和段落中理解。

consciousness relation · Refers to a relation or connection between things related to consciousness or awareness; in philosophy reading, it should be understood through context and academic use.

指围绕“意识”（人对客观世界和自身状态的反映。）进行的分解材料并说明要素之间的关系。在哲学材料中，重点是把核心概念放回句子和段落中理解。

consciousness analysis · Refers to analysis of parts and relations related to consciousness or awareness; in philosophy reading, it should be understood through context and academic use.

指围绕“意识”（人对客观世界和自身状态的反映。）进行的看待和处理问题时所持的基本态度。在哲学材料中，重点是把核心概念放回句子和段落中理解。

consciousness standpoint · Refers to a standpoint or position related to consciousness or awareness; in philosophy reading, it should be understood through context and academic use.

指围绕“意识”（人对客观世界和自身状态的反映。）进行的解决问题或开展研究的方式。在哲学材料中，重点是把核心概念放回句子和段落中理解。

consciousness method · Refers to a method or approach related to consciousness or awareness; in philosophy reading, it should be understood through context and academic use.

指围绕“逻辑”（思维和论证中前后关系是否合理的规则。）进行的两个或多个对象之间的联系、对应或影响。在哲学材料中，重点是把核心概念放回句子和段落中理解。

logic relation · Refers to a relation or connection between things related to rules of reasoning and argument structure; in philosophy reading, it should be understood through context and academic use.

指围绕“逻辑”（思维和论证中前后关系是否合理的规则。）进行的分解材料并说明要素之间的关系。在哲学材料中，重点是把核心概念放回句子和段落中理解。

logic analysis · Refers to analysis of parts and relations related to rules of reasoning and argument structure; in philosophy reading, it should be understood through context and academic use.

指围绕“逻辑”（思维和论证中前后关系是否合理的规则。）进行的看待和处理问题时所持的基本态度。在哲学材料中，重点是把核心概念放回句子和段落中理解。

logic standpoint · Refers to a standpoint or position related to rules of reasoning and argument structure; in philosophy reading, it should be understood through context and academic use.

指围绕“逻辑”（思维和论证中前后关系是否合理的规则。）进行的解决问题或开展研究的方式。在哲学材料中，重点是把核心概念放回句子和段落中理解。

logic method · Refers to a method or approach related to rules of reasoning and argument structure; in philosophy reading, it should be understood through context and academic use.

培养人的知识、能力和价值观的活动。

education · Education that develops knowledge, ability, and values.

为实现教育目标而安排的学习内容和活动。

curriculum · Curriculum arranged for learning goals.

教师与学生进行教学活动的场所或情境。

classroom · Classroom teaching context.

由人群、制度和关系构成的共同生活整体。

society · Society as a network of people and institutions.

具有共同特征或关系的一组人。

group · A social group.